Journal of Kinesiology & Wellness https://jkw.wskw.org/index.php/jkw <p>The Journal of Kinesiology &amp; Wellness (JKW) is an anonymous peer-reviewed online journal that covers issues in <strong>physical activity &amp; health promotion</strong>, <strong>wellness</strong>, <strong>biomechanics</strong>, <strong>motor development, control &amp; learning</strong>, <strong>exercise physiology</strong>, and <strong>sport</strong>. The JKW is a publication of the <a href="http://www.wskw.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Western Society for Kinesiology and Wellness</a> (WSKW).</p> <p>Click <a href="https://www.jkw.wskw.org/index.php/jkw/about">HERE</a> to learn more.</p> en-US <p>This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. </p> ovandef@csun.edu (Ovande Furtado Jr (Editor-in-Chief)) ovandef@csun.edu (Ovande Furtado, Jr.) Mon, 03 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.13 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Acute Beetroot Supplementation May Improve Blood Pressure But Not Exercise Economy in Female Masters Swimmers https://jkw.wskw.org/index.php/jkw/article/view/116 <p><span class="TextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">It is known that beetroot supplements may improve exercise economy and blood pressure, but this has </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">mainly been</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT"> studied in males. Given that older female athletes are underrepresented in the literature, we aimed to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">determine</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT"> if acute beetroot supplementation (BRS) improves exercise economy and blood pressure in </span><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">masters</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT"> female athletes (swimmers) during a treadmill exercise test. Methods: 11 participants (57.8±10.5 y) underwent 2 randomized, double-blinded trials, ingesting beetroot (BE) or placebo (PL). Salivary NO2-</span><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">&nbsp;&nbsp; (</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">sNO2-) and blood pressure (BP) were measured pre-ingestion (Base), pre-exercise (Pre), and 5 min post-exercise (Post). Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured during the modified </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">Balke</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT"> test until HR reached 85% of age-predicted maximum. Exercise economy (</span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">ExEc</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">) was defined as the average relative VO2 during min 3-4.5 of the test. sNO2- was </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">determined</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT"> using NO2- detection strips. Results: sNO2- increased from Base to Post in BE vs PL (32.5±7.0 vs 2.7±3.9% change, p=0.001). No treatment differences existed for </span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">ExEc</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT"> (BE: 15.51±0.47 vs PL: 15.71±</span><span class="NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">0.53 ml</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">·kg-1·min-1, p=0.48). Diastolic BP was significantly lower in BE vs PL (Base: 74.6±1.7 vs 73.2±2.3, Pre: 73.6±1.8 vs 74.5±2.1, Post: 74.5±1.7 vs 76.1±</span><span class="NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">2.2 mm</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">Hg, p=0.03, treatment by time). Conclusion: Acute BRS lowered diastolic BP, but did not improve exercise economy in these trained, normotensive athletes. Further research is </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">warranted</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT"> in menopausal and post-menopausal females, including those who are hypertensive, and in other female </span><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT">masters</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="ABSTRACT"> athlete groups.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW257903705 BCX8" data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}">&nbsp;</span></p> Alyssa Q. Eastman, Owen Sloop, Rohit A. Gokhale, Lisa M. Ferguson-Stegall Copyright (c) 2023 Alyssa Q. Eastman, Owen Sloop, Rohit A. Gokhale, Lisa M. Ferguson-Stegall https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://jkw.wskw.org/index.php/jkw/article/view/116 Tue, 04 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Acute Effects of Different Number of Sets and Non-Equalized Volume on Muscle Thickness, Peak Force, and Physical Performance in Recreationally-Trained Participants https://jkw.wskw.org/index.php/jkw/article/view/121 <p>The purpose of this study was to measure the acute effects of resistance training (RT) protocols with a different number of sets and non-equalized volume on muscle thickness, peak force, and physical performance in recreationally-trained participants. Fifteen participants performed the unilateral biceps curl exercise in four different RT protocols (G<sub>4</sub>: 4 sets of 10RM, G<sub>8</sub>: 8 sets of 10RM, G<sub>12</sub>: 12 sets of 10RM, and G<sub>16</sub>: 16 sets of 10RM). The average number of repetitions (ANR), the total number of repetitions (TNR), time under tension (TUT), muscle thickness (MT), peak force (PF), and rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) were measured pre-test and post-test. ANOVAs were used to test differences between all dependent variables. For ANR, there were differences between G<sub>4</sub>xG<sub>8</sub>, G<sub>4</sub>xG<sub>12</sub>, and G<sub>4</sub>xG<sub>16</sub> and between RT protocols for TNR (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). There were differences for all RT protocols and between G<sub>12</sub> and G<sub>4</sub>, G<sub>8</sub>, and G<sub>16 &nbsp;</sub>for TUT (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). MT increased and PF decreased for all RT protocols (<em>p</em>&lt;0.001). In conclusion, G<sub>8</sub>, G<sub>12</sub>, and G<sub>16</sub> showed lower ANR than G<sub>4</sub>, TNR increased with increasing sets, and TUT increased in all RT protocols. PF decreased with increasing sets and all RT protocols increased MT. The sRPE was similar between RT protocols.</p> Paulo H. Marchetti, Ashley Samaniego, Robert Talamantez, Charles Lopes, Vincent Martinez Copyright (c) 2023 Paulo H. Marchetti, Ashley Samaniego, Robert Talamantez, Charles Lopes, Vincent Martinez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://jkw.wskw.org/index.php/jkw/article/view/121 Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Adult Outdoor Play Preferences: Why Nature Space Design Matters https://jkw.wskw.org/index.php/jkw/article/view/125 <p>Adults from many communities who value unstructured, outdoor play and want to play have limited resources to engage in play (Talarowski et al., 2019). Many parks and playgrounds today are designed with children in mind and do not offer many adult-friendly play options. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine outdoor and indoor adult play preferences to establish a baseline for adult play or nature space design. The survey was distributed to male (N=61) and female (N=261) 18–80-year-old participants through email and posts on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter and given a three-week window to complete. The participants were asked to pick their five top activity preferences. Overall, 33% of the participants preferred nature activities, 24% preferred playground equipment, 22% preferred sports, and 21% preferred large-yard games. The top preferences predominately came from nature activities and large-yard games. Responses from write in questions showed this group of participants preferred being outdoors (84%), active (85%), and socially driven (97%). More opportunities that match these specific preferred activities must be considered so that adults can take full advantage of the benefits play can provide.</p> Debbie Rhea, Dr. David Farbo, Dr. Daryl Campbell-Pierre Copyright (c) 2023 Debbie Rhea, Dr. David Farbo, Dr. Daryl Campbell-Pierre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://jkw.wskw.org/index.php/jkw/article/view/125 Tue, 07 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Examining the Relationship Between BMI, Sex, and Fundamental Movement Skill Performance in Low-Income Rural Children https://jkw.wskw.org/index.php/jkw/article/view/138 <p>This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI), Sex, and Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) performance among low-income rural children aged 5 to 7 years. 39 children (20 boys and 19 girls) participated in the study. FMS proficiency was evaluated using the Furtado-Gallagher Child Observational Movement Pattern Assessment System (FG-COMPASS). The children’s height and weight were measured to calculate BMI, which was then classified into ‘normal weight’ and 'overweight'. A two-way factorial ANOVA assessed the effects of sex and BMI group on manipulative fundamental motor skills (MFMS), locomotor fundamental motor skills (LFMS), and total fundamental motor skills (TFMS). We hypothesized that normal weight children would outperform their overweight counterparts in locomotor (LFMS), manipulative (MFMS), and total (TFMS) fundamental motor skills and that boys would outperform girls on MFMS and TFMS but not on LFMS. Our findings showed a significant main effect of sex on MFMS, with boys performing significantly better than girls. However, no significant main effects were found for LFMS or TFMS based on sex or BMI group. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis revealed weak, negative, non-significant correlations between BMI percentiles and all three motor skill scores. The study’s results highlight the importance of considering sex differences when assessing FMS in children and indicate that overweight status may not necessarily relate to poorer motor skill performance in a rural, low-income context. Further research should ensure a balanced representation across BMI categories and explore the potential influence of demographic factors on motor skill development.</p> Mariah Bolin, Ovande Furtado Jr. Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://jkw.wskw.org/index.php/jkw/article/view/138 Fri, 17 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000